Markov Chain and Cluster Model of Green Algae Phytoplankton (Chlorophyceae) Diversity and Spatial Distribution Pattern along Stream, Water Quality, and Land Use Gradients in Krukut River, Jakarta City

Green algae phytoplankton (Chlorophyceae) have a wide aquatic distribution, including saltwater and freshwater environments. Compared to the ones living in saltwater, green diversity ecosystems rivers is influenced by stream gradients, water quality, land uses. Meanwhile, Jakarta, 17 potential provide habitat for communities. Due anthropogenic activities, river streams been affected influences that may affect quality community along gradients. One of critical Jakarta Krukut river, which has most extended spanning over 40 km downstream bay. This study aims model distribution pattern from its upstream segment city, surrounded settlements, segments The uses Cluster Analysis Markov Chain Model elaborate probabilities downstream, midstream, river. results show 7 species Chlorophyceae recorded All had high likelihood being found particularly Cosmarium sp., Eudorina Spyrogyra Volvox sp. Regarding all probability (4%–31%) tendency be distributed midstream rather than upstream, with ranges 2%–27%. towards directions avoiding were related deteriorating characterized turbidity, low dissolved oxygen, more acidic water.